What is Temperament Theory and Where Does It Come From?

Temperament theory is a framework for understanding the natural patterns in how you react, relate, and make decisions. It identifies four core temperaments – sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic – and it has roots that stretch back over two thousand years. This isn’t a modern personality quiz. It’s one of the oldest tools we have for honest self-knowledge, and it matters deeply for how you date. The Deeper Story The framework traces back to Hippocrates in ancient Greece, who first observed that people seemed to fall into four distinct patterns of behavior and emotion. Galen developed the theory further, connecting those patterns to what he understood about the body’s constitution. But the tradition didn’t stop with the ancients. Catholic spiritual directors recognized the value of temperament theory and adopted it as a tool for spiritual formation and growth in virtue. ...

February 23, 2026 · 2 min · Katie Palitto